After sorting out the list of Chinese Confucian Temples, I was completely shocked!
Source: “Art Travel Civilization” WeChat public account
Time: Confucius 2572JM EscortsXinchou November 11th Bingshen
Jesus January 14, 2022
* Attached at the end of the article is Jamaicans EscortGuowen Temple Map
If churches are the spiritual support of Eastern people, then for countries deeply influenced by Confucian civilization To put it bluntly, the Confucian Temple is the most concrete embodiment of Confucianism’s etiquette thinking.
Photo source/Ancient Construction China
Since its completion , the Confucian Temple has always been prosperous because it carries the faith of the people. It can be said that in China, the Confucian Temple is as important as the church in people’s hearts.
Photo source of the performance of “Confucianism in Qianwei·Praise to Dacheng” at the Jianwei Confucian Temple/Jianwei County Party Committee Propaganda Department
Since the Confucian Temple formed a system in China , it quickly developed to neighboring countries. By the 18th century, countries neighboring China such as Vietnam, North Korea, South Korea, and Japan all initiated the construction of Confucian templesJM Escorts ‘s trend has even affected Eastern countries that worship God and God.
Incomplete data systemAccording to statistics, there are more than 2,000 Confucian temples around the world.
japan (Japan) Nagasaki Confucius Temple Picture Source/Tongcheng Sightseeing
Photo source of the Confucian Temple in Hanoi, Vietnam/A Cheng’s Daydream
It can be said that the Confucian Temple is not only the spirit of Confucian ethics The material carrier, after years of washing, has become a civilized scenic spot representing Confucianism.
But have you ever thought about where the ever-popular Confucian Temple came from? Which Confucian temples are representatives of Confucian temple civilization? Perhaps, this article will give you the answer.
01. What is a Confucian Temple?
The Confucian Temple is a temple building commemorating Confucius, my country’s great thinker and educator. In the successive dynasties, it was also known as the Confucius Temple, the Most Holy Temple, the First Master Temple Jamaica Sugar, the First Holy Temple, and the Wenxuan King Temple. However, the most widely known name is Confucian Temple Jamaica Sugar.
Photo source/Photo Network
However, what we call Confucian Temple is actually a general term for all Confucian temples. There are generally three types of Confucian temples. One is the “Confucius Family Temple” built by the descendants of Confucius. In addition, there are state temples dedicated to feudal emperors and officials and academic temples that are connected with “temple studies”.
In fact, exceptExcept for the four Confucius temples in Qufu, Beijing and the Confucius Temple in Qufu and Quzhou, which are national temples, the other Confucius temples in China are all academic temples.
Compared with the Confucius Temple and the National Temple, which simply worship Confucius, the Confucian Temple is Jamaica Sugar a school temple. In addition to having sacrificial functions, it also needs to be attached to the local official school (Confucianism), and must have a series of ritual buildings such as Lingxing Gate and Dacheng Gate as well as a complete sharing and worship system.
Photo source of Harbin Confucian Temple: Photo Network
In addition to the influence of the “sage” Confucius himself, the reason why the Confucian Temple is so popularJamaica Sugar became popular, and it is inseparable from the rulers of the past dynasties respecting Confucius and Confucianism.
After Confucius died in the State of Lu, Lord Ai of Lu was deeply saddened. The following year, he ordered Confucius’ former residence in Qufu to be converted into a temple, and the clothes, crowns, carriages, pianos, books, etc. used by him during his lifetime were preserved. , offer sacrifices according to the year. This became the beginning of the Chinese Confucian Temple and the beginning of the princes’ worship of Confucius.
Photo source of the Confucian Temple in Tongcheng, Anhui: Photo Network
In the Han Dynasty, when Liu Bang passed through the State of Lu, he made a special trip to Qufu to pay homage to Confucius, which slowly transformed the Confucius Temple from a family temple to a national temple. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jamaicans Sugardaddy Confucian temples such as the Zhengzhou Confucian Temple appeared outside Lu.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, rulers continued to attach importance to Confucianism.
Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty ordered all counties and counties to worship Confucius, which was the reason for the rise of Confucian temples in various places and their integration with schoolsJamaica Sugar laid the foundation. The “Xiansheng Temple” he built later proved that the construction of Confucian temples as a national act had begun to appear in various parts of China.
Quanzhou Maritime Silk Road Confucian Temple Source: Photo Network
The construction of Confucian temples also took a further step in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. In 627 AD, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty ordered that all scholars across the country establish temples for Zhou Gong and Confucius. Later, the worship of Zhou Gong and Confucius was stopped and dedicated to Confucius. “Xiansheng” began a nationwide large-scale establishment of temples or schools based on learning
The rulers of the Song Dynasty also issued an edict for the government to pay for the repair of Confucian temples. In the Yuan Dynasty, During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the construction of Confucian temples had already become a common practice in every state and prefecture. There are Confucian temples in every county and county, and the Qing Dynasty was the heyday of the development of Confucian temples in China – almost all existing Confucius temple buildings in China underwent large-scale repairs and expansions during the Qing Dynasty.
Liuyang Confucian Temple Source: Photo Network
02. What is there in the Confucian Temple?
Searching for uniqueness and individuality in contrast with modern architecture, the Confucian Temple carries the profound civilization of Confucianism. The names and compositions of the buildings are well documented.
Most of the Confucian temples have panchis, which are becoming more and more obscure and forgotten, so she has to go. The idea of going out. The tenon-and-tenon structure composed of Wanren Palace Wall, Lingxing Gate, Dacheng Gate, Dacheng Hall, Minglun Hall and other buildings made the decision of Mrs. Lan Xueshi’s daughter to marry him, a poor boy. , he has always been dubious, so he has always suspected that the bride sitting on the sedan chair is not strong and majestic at all.
Aerial photo of Jianshui Confucian Temple in Yunnan Source: Hongci Yonghu
Picture source: Three-dimensional view of Changchun Confucian Temple
Panchi: the half-moon-shaped pool directly behind Dachengmen
During his reign, Duke Xi of Lu built a huge Pan Palace on the bank of Pan River in Qufu in order to promote education and cultivate scholars. It was named because it was surrounded by a semicircular pool of water on its east, west and south sides. “Panchi” later evolved into the Confucian Temple’s exclusive use and became a symbol of the Confucian Temple’s development of official studies.
Photo source/Photo Network
Wanren Palace Wall : Usually the first building located on the central axis of the Confucian Temple, it usually functions as a screen wall or screen wall
Picture source/American article
Lingxing Gate: The archway-style wooden or stone building on the central axis of the Confucian Temple is named after Confucius in modern Chinese legend. >Come to earth for the stars in the sky
Photo source of Chengjiang Confucian Temple in Yunnan/Hongci Yonghu
Picture source of Shiping Confucian Temple/Hongci Yonghu
Dachengmen: Dachengmen Also known as Yimen and Jimen, it is the main entrance to the Dacheng Hall area and the second gate of the Confucian Temple. The three gates on the left, middle and right represent the respect for Confucius and the Confucian Temple. They are usually only known as the Gate. There are entrances and exits on both sides, and the middle door will be opened only when there is a serious ceremony.
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Photo source of Dacheng Gate of Qianwei Confucian Temple/Jianwei County Party Committee Propaganda Department
Photo source/China’s National Conditions
Dacheng Hall: The main hall dedicated to Confucius is the main building of Confucian temples in various places. The Dacheng Hall of Confucian temples in various places has different specifications due to their different levels, including three bays, five bays, seven bays and nine bays. Specifications.
Photo source of Dacheng Hall of Dai County Confucian Temple/Hongci Yonghu
In modern times, ancient music is called one change, one change, nine changes. It is 90%, and when it reaches 90%, it is finally called Dacheng. In the Song Dynasty, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty respected Confucius for “collecting the achievements of the sages and sages” and gave this hall the name “Dacheng Hall”, which fully reflected the incomparable power of Confucius’ thoughts. Noble status.
Because it is the most central memorial building, it often receives special repairs and maintenance. It is currently the largest preserved type of Confucian temple building across the country.
Source of the three-dimensional view of the Dacheng Hall of the Henan Confucian Temple/Beijing Jiaotong University Ancient Building
Minglun Hall: Since the Confucian Temple developed into a building integrating temple studies, this building has been the inner palace of Confucian temples in various places.The school or county school is a place used for lectures and is an important part of the Confucian temples in various places. There are seven, five, and three rooms in width.
Photo source/Architecture China
In addition to the above, there are also East and West Wings, Chongwen Pavilion and Kuixing Pavilion in the Confucian Temple , Xiangxian Temple and other representative entities.
Although some of them have lost their elegance over hundreds of years of history, they can still be distinguished from their original features Jamaica Sugar DaddyFeel the artistic beauty of modern architecture.
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Photo source/Photo Network
Lingxing Gate, Dacheng Hall… These regular and rigorous buildings are not only places of worship and worship for Confucius, but also We respect and remember the traditional Chinese civilization represented by Confucianism. As a spiritual continuation of a city’s ancient and modern development, this inheritance will surely last forever.
03. Guide to visiting the Confucian Temple
Every existing Confucian temple is an art in architecture , it is worthy of us to feel their charm. But if time is limited and you cannot see them one by one, these representative Confucian temples must not be missed.
The Four Major Confucian Temples in China
Nanjing Confucius Temple, Beijing Confucius TempleJamaicans Escort Temple, Qufu Confucius Temple and Jilin Confucian Temple are the four major Confucian temples in China. In addition to being outstanding representatives of Confucian culture, they are also must-visit attractions for people to visit.
01/Nanjing Confucius Temple: the “Crown” of Confucius Temple
Nanjing Confucius Temple is China’s first national highest university. It is a cultural and educational center and is also the highest cultural and educational building complex in the southeastern provinces.
PictureJamaicans Sugardaddy Source/Photo Network
Nanjing Confucius Temple was first built in 337. After four destructions and five reconstructions, it finally reached its current appearance.
It is centered on Dacheng Hall, with north and south forming an axis, and the left and right buildings are symmetrical. It is mainly composed of three major building groups: Confucius Temple, Academy and Gongyuan. It is known as the “Qinhuai Scenic Spot” . From the Six Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, many wealthy families gathered around, so there is a saying of “Golden Powder of the Six Dynasties”.
Night view of Confucius Temple Source/Photo Network
In addition, Nanjing Confucius Temple was popular as early as the Southern Dynasties The temple lantern festival is also a characteristic custom and cultural activity.
The Confucius Temple Lantern Festival, also known as the “Jinling Lantern Festival”, is mainly held between the Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival every year. It is the best in the country and enjoys the reputation of “Qinhuai Lantern Festival is the best in the world”.
02/Beijing Confucius Temple: Temples and schools are interdependent, sacrifices to emperors
Beijing Confucius Temple, also known as the “Temple of the First Master”, was founded in 1302 and is a modern Chinese Yuan Dynasty temple. It was a place to commemorate Confucius in the Ming, Ming and Qing dynasties.
Photo source/POCO
The Confucius Temple in Beijing is symmetrically distributed. She was wondering whether she was destined to give her life only for love and not get life in return. ? This is how he treated Xi Shixun in his previous life. Even if heThe central axis is located in the main building, and other departments are distributed around it.
The buildings on the central axis are, from south to north, Xianshi Gate, Dacheng Gate, Dacheng Hall, Chongsheng Gate and Chongsheng Temple. The main buildings are all covered with yellow glazed tiles.
Photo source/POCO
The building consists of three courtyards: the leading space formed by the first courtyard is semi-open. The sacrificial space formed by the second courtyard is square and round, and is composed of Dacheng Hall, East and West verandahs, storage room and other buildings. The space is closed and the atmosphere is solemn. Although the subsequent space formed by the third courtyard is smaller in area, it still retains its charm.
After more than 700 years of historical and cultural accumulation, the Beijing Confucius Temple has become an important historical material and object for studying China’s modern imperial examinations, Confucian Confucianism, architectural forms and cultural connotations.
03/Qufu Confucius Temple: The largest Confucius temple in the country
Qufu Confucius Temple, also known as the “Queli Holy Temple”, was built by Lu Aigong in 478 BC year building.
After successive generations of emperors paying tribute and expanding, the Qufu Confucius Temple has grown larger and larger, becoming the largest Confucius temple in the country. Liang Sicheng called it an “isolated example” in the history of world architecture.
Most of the existing buildings in Qufu Confucius Temple were completed in the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Starting from the Lingxing Gate at the southernmost end and ending at the Holy Relic Hall at the northern end, there are nine courtyards in total. There are 464 rooms in the temple including halls, altar pavilions and gates. Imitating the style of the Forbidden City in Beijing, it is surrounded by red walls and four turrets.
Picture Source/Picture Creativity
The courtyard is divided into “Dezuo Liuhe” and “Daoguan Ancient and Modern” “It started with two wooden archways.
On the one hand, the two wooden archways mark the main nature and advanced level of the Confucius Temple complex; on the other hand, they serve as a guide to enter the Confucius Temple, setting off theThe spectacular atmosphere of the entrance of the Confucius Temple complex Jamaicans Escort is permeated with strong ethical characteristics.
04/Jilin Confucian Temple: The first Confucian temple in the Qing Dynasty
Jilin Confucian Temple was built in 1736, and its architecture is modeled after the imperial palace.
The three main buildings of Dacheng Gate, Dacheng Hall and Chongsheng Hall are located on a central axis, with auxiliary buildings on both sides arranged symmetrically, surrounded by a 3-meter-high red It is surrounded by walls, and the main entrance is blocked by a screen wall.
Photo source/Tuniuyouwan.com
As the first Confucian temple built by the Qing Dynasty in the Northeast, the Jilin Confucian Temple was the Qing government’s recognition of the spread of Han civilization into the Northeast, and played a role in promoting the integration of Manchu and Han civilizations. . Jamaica Sugar Daddy
Jilin Confucian Temple Picture Source/Yanxing Jianghu
The overall building uses the central The axis is extended and the layers are progressively transformed from the courtyard to the main building. The various buildings coordinate with each other and set off each other, with “harmony” as the beauty. However, the shape, proportion, and color tone not only express themselves, but also highlight the order of priority, fully demonstrating the nobility of Dacheng Hall. Location.
Photo source/This is Jilin Photography/Yang Jianming
Source/Autohome
Jilin Confucian Temple is The main building, screen walls and walls are all covered with yellow glazed tiles. The Dacheng Hall is a typical palace-style building with double eaves, a mountain-style roof, a dragon and phoenix ridge, nine dragons on the front and nine phoenixes on the back. And solemn.
The Best Confucian Temple
01/Pingyao Confucian Temple: One of the oldest Confucian temples in the complex
Pingyao Confucian Temple faces south and has four existing courtyards. On the central axis are the following buildings: Lingxing Gate, Dacheng Gate, Dacheng Hall, Minglun Hall, Jingyi Pavilion, and Sutra-Tibetan Pavilion.
Photo source/Friendship
Reconstruction of the Dacheng Hall of the Confucian Temple JM Escorts In 1163, it has a history of more than 850 years, 3I7 years earlier than Qufu Confucius Temple, 706 years earlier than Nanjing Confucius Temple, and 706 years earlier than Beijing Confucian TempleJamaicans Sugardaddy Dated as early as 248, it is the earliest existing Confucian temple in the country.
Dacheng Hall is five rooms wide and five rooms deep. It is nearly square in shape and has a single eaves. On the top of the mountain. There are portraits of Confucius and some sculptures and documents describing Confucius’ life.
Photo source/Sightseeing photographer
Pingyao The Confucian Temple, Kuixing Tower and Wenchang Pavilion in the southeast corner of the city wall form a complete Confucian temple complex, which is very rare in China.
Photo source/Photographer traveling around
02/Wuwei Confucian Temple: No. 1 in the Southeast Da Confucian Temple
Wuwei Confucian Temple, also known as the “Holy Temple”, is the largest Confucian temple in the Southeast. It was first built in 1437-1439 AD and was later popularized by the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It was rebuilt and expanded during the reign of the Kingdom of China and gradually formed a group of perfectly laid out buildings with a history of more than 500 years.
Source/Bailangqing
Architecture Sitting north to south, there is Wenchang Palace in the east, Confucian Temple in the middle, and Liangzhou Confucian Academy in the west. The entire building has a symmetrical layout and rigorous structure. It is a group of majestic palace-style buildings.
Because of its huge scale and majestic momentum, it was known as the “Crown of Southeastern Palaces” during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It was a scholar in Liangzhou. Sacred place where poets paid homage to Confucius
Photo source/Four Sea Rangers
03/Jianshui Confucian Temple: The largest Confucian temple in Northeast China
Jianshui Confucian Temple , located in Jianshui County, southeast of Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. On weekdays, the Pei family is always quiet, but today it is very lively – of course not as good as the Lan Mansion – a huge yardJM Escorts There are six banquet tables. It is very festive. Inside the city, there is one of the few large-scale Confucian temples in the country. It is also the center of Jizhongqing (Kunming), Yunnan Province The third temple founded after Dali
Jianshui Confucian Temple Picture Source/Hongci Yonghu
Magnificent Panchi Picture Source/Hongci Yonghu
After expansion in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the area of Jianshui Confucian Temple has reached 114 acres. Due to the grand Panchi in front of the temple, its size is even close to that of Qufu Confucius Temple.
The overall layout of the Shuiwen Temple adopts the axially symmetrical palace style, which is built after the format of the Confucius Temple in Qufu. It has 1 hall, 2 verandas, 2 halls, 2 pavilions, 5 temples, and 8 squares. It is a large-scale building complex
Pictures of the archways of Jianshui Confucian Temple Source/Hongci Yonghu
New Year’s EveJamaicans Sugardaddy door is The solemn “TaiheJamaica Sugar Daddy vitalityJamaica Sugar“Fang, facing the “Xuehai” (Panchi) of more than 20 acres, with rippling blue waves in the pond, and the Sile Pavilion built in the pond.
Among the buildings in the Shuiwen Temple, this one is the most attractive The center of attention is undoubtedly the Dacheng Hall. Dacheng Hall was built during the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty, with 28 pillars supporting the entire hall. To the left and right of the gate are two eaves pillars carved with giant dragons surrounding each other, which is called “stone dragon holding pillars”.
Image source of stone dragons holding pillars/Hongci Yonghu
The temple is surrounded by ancient cypress trees, which makes it appear solemn, solemn and majestic. It has the reputation of “the most magnificent and magnificent city in Yunnan”.
04/Deqing Xuegong Ridge: The oldest existing Confucian temple in the south
Deqing Xuegong was built in 1011, more than a thousand years ago Historically, it collapsed after construction and was rebuilt in 1297. It is one of the few existing ancient brick and wood structures from the Song and Yuan dynasties in Guangdong Province.
Aerial view of Deqing Academy/Era Tree Rampage
Picture source/Time Tree Rampage
Deqing Academy consists of Dacheng Hall, Chongsheng Hall, Zunjing Pavilion, Xiangxian Temple, Xingtan and other buildings.
Due to the humid local climate, not many ancient wooden buildings have been preserved, and there are even fewer wooden buildings from the Song and Yuan Dynasties. “A monarch is all made up, nonsense, do you understand?” Deqing Academy can be said to be a treasure of ancient wooden architecture in Guangdong.
Picture source/Time Tree RampageJamaicans Sugardaddy
Master Dacheng Hall is famous for its “four pillars without roof”, that is, the four golden pillars in the hall do not reach the top of the palace. Instead, they have brackets set across the top of the pillars, supported by twelve lotus-shaped bucket arches. The trough and the wellhead skyFlower board. Known as the Pearl of Ancient Architecture in Southern China
The Confucian Temple created a new form of memorial service and is the main symbol of China’s tradition of “respecting teachers and valuing education”.
Picture source/Hongci Yonghu
When your temperament is cultivated into willful and arrogant, you should take more care of it in the future. “As civilizations become increasingly diverse, when we enter the Confucian Temple, we are not only paying homage to Confucius, but also an expression of respect for China’s excellent traditional civilization. It is a way and method to express respect for Chinese civilization and its creators.
In this colorful world, we can still feel the life of national culture through the Confucian Temple
Editor in charge: Jin Fu